ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE SENSIMOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DISORDERS OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The article provides a theoretical analysis of research on the problem of sensorimotor development with children with violation of intellectual development. Theoretical aspects of sensorimotor development of children with intellectual disabilities in the following areas are considered: vestibular-postural reactions and bilateral coordination. Motor mechanisms affect the general development of the child, his ability to work and master the curriculum. Studies have shown the effect of physical activity on mental activity and academic performance. Imperfections of the motor sphere of children with PIR are revealed. Children's gait is unstable, movements are chaotic, poorly coordinated, poorly regulated muscular effort, impaired visual-motor coordination, inability to imitate, underdevelopment of differentiated finger movements. The disadvantages of arbitrary movements are pronounced. Theoretical analysis of scientific research on the role of the central nervous system in the construction of movements. Spinal cord, medulla, diencephalon, cerebellum, large hemispheres perform their functions. Simple movements (reflective) provide normal performance of more complex movements performed due to the lower parts of the central nervous system (spinal, medulla, midbrain). More complex postures are regulated by the activity of the midbrain, the vestibular system, which obey the cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates the proportionality of movement. To perform movement in space, it is necessary to combine all types of sensitive sphere (afferentation). This process occurs at the level of the diencephalon and subcortical nuclei. It is proved that part of the vestibular signals must be registered and modulated by the brain. The lack of modulation of vestibular stimuli will be noticeable in bilateral reactions, coordination of the two sides of the body. The postural response may go unnoticed because it is difficult for the child to adopt a particular posture. Sensorimotor development affects the functioning of the body of a child with violation of intellectual development.