Retraction Policy

The editorial office adheres to internationally recognized standards of publication ethics, in particular the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and provides for a formal procedure for the retraction of scholarly publications in cases of violations of academic integrity or significant errors in the content of an article.

Grounds for Retraction

An article may be retracted in the following cases:

confirmed plagiarism or improper citation;

fabrication or falsification of research results;

duplicate publication (republication of the same results);

significant errors affecting the reliability of conclusions;

violation of copyright;

inaccurate or misleading authorship information;

other breaches of academic integrity principles.

Retraction Procedure

The retraction process includes:

 

initiation of the review by the editorial office, reviewers, or third parties;

investigation involving members of the editorial board and, where necessary, independent experts;

notification of the author(s) regarding identified issues and provision of an opportunity to respond;

adoption of a decision by the editorial board on retraction or other appropriate actions.

 

Implementation of Retraction

If a decision to retract is made:

 

a retraction notice stating the reasons is published on the journal’s website;

the electronic version of the article remains in the archive but is clearly marked as “retracted”;

the PDF version and the article webpage include an appropriate indication;

information about the retraction is communicated to relevant indexing and information systems (where applicable).

 

Retraction does not involve the physical removal of the article from the archive, thereby ensuring transparency of scholarly communication and preservation of the publication record.

 

Authors have the right to submit a reasoned appeal against the retraction decision. Such appeals are considered by an independent member of the editorial board.