This academic journal conducts its editorial activities in accordance with the principles of academic integrity, transparency and accountability, guided by internationally recognised standards of publication ethics, in particular the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), as well as best practices established by leading academic communities.

The editorial policy aims to ensure the quality of scientific publications, adherence to ethical standards at all stages of the editorial and publishing process, and the prevention of any form of misconduct.

Basic principles of publication ethics.

The journal’s editorial board adheres to the following basic principles:

‒ scientific validity and reliability of research results;

‒ originality of scientific materials and the prevention of plagiarism, fabrication and falsification of data;

‒ transparency of editorial procedures and impartiality of decisions;

‒ respect for copyright and proper citation of sources;

‒ accountability of all participants in the publication process for the quality of scientific content.

Editorial Policy.

The Editorial Board ensures:

‒ the organisation of independent, objective and impartial peer review of manuscripts;

‒ decisions regarding publication based solely on the scientific merit of the material, its relevance and its alignment with the journal’s scope;

‒ the confidentiality of submitted materials and information about authors and reviewers;

‒ the prevention of commercial, political or other external factors influencing editorial decisions;

‒ prompt response to breaches of publication ethics.

The editorial board reserves the right to reject a submission if it does not meet scientific, ethical or editorial requirements.

Authors’ responsibilities

Authors are required to:

‒ submit original research results that have not been previously published and are not under consideration by other publications;

‒ ensure the accuracy of the data presented and the validity of the conclusions;

‒ adhere to the rules of proper citation and avoid any form of plagiarism;

‒ acknowledge the actual contribution of all co-authors;

‒ declare any conflicts of interest (if applicable);

‒ notify the editorial board of any errors discovered in already published materials.

Duties of reviewers.

Reviewers are required to:

‒ provide an independent, objective and reasoned expert assessment of manuscripts;

‒ maintain the confidentiality of materials;

‒ refrain from reviewing in the event of a conflict of interest;

‒ provide constructive feedback to improve the scientific quality of the work;

‒ inform the editorial board of any instances of misconduct identified.

Duties of editors.

Editors ensure:

‒ impartial decision-making regarding the publication of materials;

‒ compliance with confidentiality principles;

‒ monitoring the quality of the peer review process;

‒ considering complaints and appeals within the established procedures;

‒ initiating procedures for the correction or retraction of publications in the event of identified violations.

Conflict of interest.

All participants in the editorial process (authors, reviewers, editors) are required to declare any potential or actual conflict of interest that may affect the objectivity of the evaluation or the interpretation of research results.

Policy on breaches of publication ethics.

In the event of plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, ghostwriting or other breaches, the editorial board will investigate the matter in accordance with COPE guidelines. Depending on the outcome, the following measures may be applied:

‒ rejection of the manuscript;

‒ publication of corrections;

‒ retraction of the article;

‒ notification of the institutions with which the authors are affiliated.

Transparency and openness. The editorial board ensures the openness of information regarding editorial policy, review procedures, publication requirements and ethical standards. All relevant documents are made publicly available on the journal’s website.