EVOLUTION OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the evolution of the main concepts of public administration, which is considered through the prism of the historical periods of the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment, and the emergence of capitalism. The author analyzes how approaches to management changed in the context of social, economic, and political transformations, and also considers how these changes were reflected in modern concepts of management science. Public administration is a key element in ensuring the effective functioning of state institutions, since the ability of the state to solve complex problems, maintain stability, and ensure development depends on its quality. The article emphasizes the importance of ethics, human rights, and democratic principles, which remain relevant for effective management today, in particular in the context of globalization, the development of information technologies, and social transformations. The study of the concepts of T. Aquinas, N. Machiavelli, D. Diderot, S. Montesquieu, I. Kant, and G. Hegel allows us to establish the relationship between historical theories and modern approaches to public administration. T. Aquinas's ideas about the harmony between faith and reason, as well as the need for moral principles in governance, find their application in the modern fight against corruption and abuse of power. N. Machiavelli's ideas about the state as an organic system that depends on the attitude of the people and the ability of rulers to achieve results, are of profound importance in the context of today's challenges. I. Kant's ideas about the autonomy of the individual and freedom, as well as H. Hegel's ideas about the importance of implementing laws through educated and conscious officials, are of great importance for the development of ethical governance. In general, the article demonstrates how historical concepts of public administration form the foundations of modern management theory, contributing to the improvement of management practices in the context of global changes, social and political transformations. The key trends in the development of public administration are identified, and the need to improve management methods and principles for effective adaptation to a changing environment is substantiated.