PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SENIOR GRADE STUDENTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Abstract

The article reveals and substantiates the psychological and pedagogical features of patriotic education of high school students in the educational process of secondary education institutions. It is established that high school age includes adolescence and youth. This age is one of the key periods of personality formation which includes awareness of the meaning of life and one's purpose. Most scientists agree that adolescence and youth are the main periods of the formation of beliefs and the ability to independently build one's life path. It has been found that the main new formations of adolescence include the emergence of life planning, self-reflection, awareness of one's own personality, preparation for self-determination, building one's life, and gradual growth in all areas of life. Adolescence separates childhood from adulthood. This period is usually divided into early adolescence, that is, high school age (15-18 years) and late adolescence (18-23 years). It was found that adolescence is characterized by introspection and reflection. This age is characterized by increased emotional excitability (sharp mood swings, imbalance, anxiety). It was stated that work in the direction of patriotic education of high school students should be structured so that it also provides maximum benefit to their mental development. When organizing the perception of various educational materials of patriotic content by students, the teacher must take into account that this education takes place in close interaction of such mental operations as: analysis, comparison, determination of general, private and special features, abstraction, generalization, synthesis. It was found that under the influence of interest, intellectual activity increases, memory improves, imagination, perception, concentration of attention, thoughts are strengthened. Spiritual, civic and strong-willed qualities of the personality are also brought up under this influence. A characteristic feature of interest in knowledge is that this process has an intellectual nature: the subject that arouses interest helps to identify new aspects of the subject, to discover the meaning of observed events, to understand cause-and-effect relationships. If the teacher can awaken in students an interest in knowledge of patriotic content, students will have a desire for independent creative works of patriotic content; they will strive for knowledge, will be able to solve difficulties on the way to acquiring knowledge.