Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Public Management and Administration

EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH CARE

Oleksandr NEFODOV — 2024-06-06

The stages of the evolution of public administration in the field of health care are considered. The processes of world history and the practice of forming management in the field of medicine are updated. It was found that domestic scientists did not pay enough attention to the issues of the evolution of the management of the health care system, the study of which is important for public management for several reasons: the possibility of identifying successful and unsuccessful practices of past periods, which will help to improve the system of medical services; the opportunity to understand the development trends of domestic medicine in the context of demographic changes, technological progress and social transformations; an opportunity to identify the most effective methods of using resources in the field of health care. The stages of the evolution of public administration in the field of health care, which took place over many centuries from ancient civilizations to the present, are analyzed.

It is emphasized that a thorough analysis of the evolution of the management of the medical industry helps to improve and optimize modern approaches to management, contributing to increasing the efficiency of the system. The analysis is also important for the science of public administration, as it provides an opportunity for scientific research and evaluation of various approaches to the justification of management strategies and policies, identification of shifts that influenced the development of the health care system, helps to understand how the health care system has adapted to changes in the socio-economic and political environment in order to better understand how to effectively respond to modern challenges and changes.

It is concluded that the historical review of the evolution of public management in the health care system reflects complex dynamics that were determined by various social, political, economic and technological factors over the centuries. In ancient civilizations, the first attempts to organize medical care were observed, the need for management of the industry increased in the era of industrialization and mass migration of the population, and the modern period is characterized by a constant process of modernization to introduce the latest technologies, improve access to medical care and ensure the quality of services.

PSYCHOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT STYLE

Olena KHVATOVA — 2024-06-06

The work of a manager is multifaceted. To successfully run an efficient business, make the best decisions, and work with people, a talented leader must combine abilities, experience, knowledge, and the ability to apply them. A manager must be trained in many areas of activity. However, the most interesting of these is the field of psychology. The work of a manager is, first and foremost, work with people, which is one of the most difficult activities. This alone creates the need for psychological training of a manager. A manager must know how to behave with employees, adjust his or her behavior depending on their state of mind, be able to identify the strengths of employees and notice their shortcomings in order to distribute personnel as efficiently as possible. The manager's duty is to create a strong, well-coordinated team in which each member has his or her place, where the possibility of conflict situations is minimized, and which is able to work in a coordinated and effective manner. The manager should study and use those environmental factors that have a favorable impact on the performers and increase the efficiency of the team. In performing the educational function, the manager must activate and develop personal qualities in employees that contribute to more fruitful work of the individual employee and the team as a whole. All of these multifaceted functions of a manager cannot be performed without sufficient knowledge of psychology and experience in applying it in practice.

MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

Olena OLSHANSKA — 2024-06-06

The article is devoted to the search for measures to support and develop small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine in modern conditions. As part of this, a study of the terminology of state support, foreign experience in the implementation of the development of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship was carried out, proposals aimed at improving the conditions of this sphere were presented. It was determined that state support for small and medium-sized enterprises should be understood as effective management by the state, which provides for the creation of special conditions for business development, in particular, through the formation of incentives and the use of financial resources. The article defines effective mechanisms for the support and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in developed countries using the example of Estonia and Ireland. As a result, the following measures for the support and development of small and medium-sized enterprises are proposed: to cover various risk categories (citizens who have lost their jobs due to downsizing or liquidation of the organization; citizens who are at risk of dismissal, for example, sent on unpaid leave or transferred to part-time work; citizens who have the status of internally displaced persons); creating conditions for grant support to entrepreneurs whose activities are aimed at achieving socially useful goals, for example, socially significant services (educational, psychological services, organization of children's recreation, assistance to people with disabilities, improvement of their living conditions and assistance in adaptation); provision of accounting, tax, audit, marketing, legal and other consulting services to entrepreneurs; implementation of tools for increasing demand for innovations and increasing the activity of interaction between small and medium-sized businesses and science (implementation of practice (innovation vouchers) The study of supporting small and medium-sized entrepreneurship made it possible to form an opinion on the possibilities of rapid development of business, primarily due to its stimulation, to stimulate the interaction of business and science, as well as the practical implementation of the knowledge economy.

IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS FOR MANAGING SOCIAL SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

Elmira SOKOLOVA — 2024-06-06

The article substantiates the importance of improving the mechanisms for managing social systems in the context of globalization. The authors reviews and analyzes the main concepts of social development, including the concepts of systemic, functional, structural-functional, cybernetic, synergistic, and institutional approaches. The main features of globalization as a dynamic and comprehensive process that creates prerequisites for improving management systems are identified. The paper focuses on the aspect that effective governance mechanisms will allow to adapt to changing conditions, maximize the positive effects of globalization, such as access to new markets, technologies and knowledge, ensure sustainable development, and maintain social cohesion. The author reviews the importance of the transformation of digital communities as a new form of "social flows" in the era of acceleration, where the use of crowd-funding, group design, group innovation, and corrective interaction tools that allow to withstand all the challenges of globalization are increasingly manifested. The paper pays attention to the formation of new social contracts between government, business, the social sector and employees, which can be better implemented in practice in the context of the use of generative artificial intelligence technologies. A flowchart has been constructed, which defines a direct relationship between the existing types of social systems, approaches and tools to management, and the determination of performance indicators of the measures taken. The author identifies five areas of priority improvement of the mechanisms for managing social systems, including the ability to adapt, diversify, take responsibility, and establish a balance between centralized and local decisions. The author analyzes the fundamental issues of public-private partnerships as a tool for accelerating the formation of a network of healthy communities, developing education and skills necessary for a productive life, and expanding "public spaces."

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MECHANISMS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS

Oleksandr SHEVCHENKO — 2024-06-06

Corruption, as a phenomenon, takes place in the system of public authorities. Its rooting is caused by the low efficiency of public administration. The danger of such a phenomenon as corruption lies in the violation of legal norms and leads to a feeling of distrust in Ukraine's ability to create a democratic, social and legal order. In this regard, the authors studied the mechanisms of public administration aimed at combating corruption in the economic sphere, namely in the area of public procurement. The article examines the problems of abuse of state power for personal gain, which make it impossible to create a democratic, social and legal order in Ukraine. The thesis is substantiated that due to the large amounts of funds associated with state procurement of goods, works and services, this sphere creates favorable conditions for corruption violations and abuses. It is noted that according to the analysis of the functioning of the public procurement system in 2015, the Antimonopoly Committee revealed a large number of violations of legislation in this area, which required systemic decisions in public administration. It is shown that in order to overcome corruption in the field of public procurement, legislation was updated in Ukraine aimed at improving control mechanisms, ensuring the transparency of bidding, as well as implementing effective anti-corruption measures. It was emphasized that the Prozorro system played a key role in the fight against corruption and ensuring transparency in public procurement. The methods that contributed to the reduction of corruption in Ukraine are: introduction of an electronic auction; reduction of human intervention in the interpretation of trading rules; the ability to observe the procurement process in real time. It was concluded that today the reform of the public procurement system consists in ensuring the fulfillment of Ukraine's international obligations in this area by adapting the legislation to European and international standards, and the introduction of the electronic auction system within the framework of Prozorro has significantly improved the efficiency and honesty in conducting trades, contributing to the reduction corruption.

THE SYSTEM OF MODERN FORMS OF MANAGEMENT AS MECHANISM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Olena YASHYNA — 2024-06-06

The article provides an overview of innovative approaches as key tools for improving the efficiency of public administration in the educational and cultural spheres. The authors highlight approaches and sets of conceptual provisions for the implementation of modern forms of management in the fields of education, namely, out-of-school education and culture, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, benchmarking, adaptive management, project management, and customer relationship management. The popularity of these technologies is growing every day, and the use of digital tools allows us to optimize all areas of human activity. This article examines the system of modern forms of management as mechanisms for regulating public administration in the fields of education and culture, defines the organization of the process of digitalization of management activities and the benefits of their use. Digital development is increasingly covering the spheres of education and culture, which is essential in shaping their competitiveness. Thanks to the use of modern digital technologies, we can observe qualitative changes in the interaction of public authorities with citizens and businesses in the field of culture and out-of-school education, which plays an important role in regulating public administration in these areas. It is worth noting that attention is also paid to the application of these forms and methods in the management of extracurricular education and culture, and it is determined that the integrated introduction of digital technologies provides new opportunities. The research and publications that exist in the national scientific discourse are considered. Scientists have identified the main trends in the introduction of various innovations and technologies in the field of public administration, and the key advantages of their use are argued. Effective governance is defined as a strategic tool for the development of education and culture and is characterized by the fact that its effectiveness depends on the rational management of human and material resources, project teams, the introduction of innovations and the efficient use of investments, as well as the realization of creative potential and professional competencies. The article is devoted to highlighting topical issues related to the system of modern forms of management as a mechanism for regulating public administration in the fields of education and culture. This article is theoretical.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE TRAINING OF PUBLIC SERVANTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

Ivan LOPUSHYNSKYI — 2024-06-06

The article examines the problem of improving the regulatory and legal mechanism of training public servants for professional activity; the relevant norms of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service" [13], the new Law of Ukraine "On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies" [19], the Concept of reforming the professional training system of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials were analyzed of local self-government and deputies of local councils [20], Regulations on the system of professional training of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government and deputies of local councils [16], Procedure for admission to study under the educational and professional program of master's training in the specialty "Public administration and administration" field of knowledge "Public management and administration", approved by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 29, 2009 (with subsequent changes) [17], Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 28, 2021 No. 446 "Some issues of obtaining education and professional training of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government and deputies of local councils" [4] and others. normative legal acts; it is shown that the proper implementation of the tasks provided for by law regarding the professional training of public servants will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the state policy regarding the professional training of public servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government, deputies of local councils and will make it possible to create a modern, integrated, mobile and a flexible system of their professional training.

APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING METHODS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Andrii KULYK — 2024-06-06

The article considers the expediency of using mathematical modeling methods in the management of territorial communities. It was revealed that during the years of administrative reform, domestic scientists, conducting research in various aspects of the management of territorial communities, emphasize the use of information and communication technologies, and do not pay enough attention to the possibility of using mathematical modeling methods to improve decision-making processes, optimize the distribution of resources, and analyze economic efficiency and territorial development planning. It was determined that one of the most urgent tasks for local self-government bodies in Ukraine is the optimization of the network of secondary schools, as this is an important component of the concept of the New Ukrainian School, according to which the formation of a network of specialized education institutions was foreseen no later than 2025. Local self-government bodies, as founders of educational institutions, can use mathematical modeling methods, which will help analyze and forecast the demographic situation, socio-economic conditions of the community. It was concluded that the future accession of Ukraine to the European Union requires the renewal of management methods at the local level, which occurs in parallel with the decentralization reform, that is, the transfer of powers from central to local authorities. Effective management of the educational sphere at the level of territorial communities is especially important. Mathematical modeling in this context becomes an indispensable tool that allows analyzing, forecasting and optimizing various aspects of their activities. In particular, economic models are used to analyze economic processes in communities, social models are used to predict demographic trends, and optimization models are used to find optimal solutions in various areas of management. In particular, they can be applied to optimize the educational network, which becomes an important task in the context of education reform.

APPLICATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

Yevheniia SHYPITSYNA — 2024-06-06

The article examines the management models of general secondary education at the local level in Finland, Canada and Singapore. The importance of analyzing the educational systems of local communities in the context of tendencies towards decentralization of management in various spheres of social life is emphasized. Since education and training are key to the socio-economic progress of the country, it is useful for Ukraine to study and use foreign experience in education management, which covers a variety of approaches, strategies and methods that can contribute to the improvement of its own education management systems. Finnish education policy was found to be based on the principles of decentralization and democracy, giving local governments and school boards considerable autonomy. In Canada, education management is mixed in nature, with centralized and decentralized elements, the provinces are responsible for education, but receive funding from the federal budget. In Singapore, the education management system is centralized, significant attention is paid to the continuous professional development of teachers and the use of innovative approaches to learning and teaching. It was concluded that the analysis of the experience of education management at the level of local communities in different countries of the world indicates the importance of Ukraine's search for its own, unique approach based on the best practices of the global community. However, before adapting this experience, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of our mentality, history and cultural attitudes. Active exchange of experience with countries such as Finland, Singapore and Canada can be carried out through partnerships between territorial communities, educational institutions, international organizations and government agencies. Adapting the experience of these countries to Ukrainian realities and the needs of specific communities is extremely important. When implementing foreign experiences, it is necessary to take into account the opinions of various stakeholders, including teachers, parents, students, administrators and community organizations. This will contribute not only to the improvement of the quality of education at the level of a separate territorial community, but also to the achievement of success in the field of education at the level of the entire state.

CONFLICT PREVENTION AND SETTLEMENT INTERESTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Yuliia LISNIEVSKA — 2024-06-06

School is a space of mutual relations and interaction, there is a special risk of conflicts and disputes. Their cause is misunderstandings and disputes among students, their lack of communication skills and subjective attitudes towards each other, misunderstandings between teachers and the administration, conflicts between teachers, etc. Conflicts in themselves are not always negative. But if the conflict deepens, does not end with the pacification of both parties, it can negatively affect the work of the school. The article examines the problem of conflicts in the modern school and ways of solving them, focused primarily on the determinants of interpersonal contacts. The causes of the conflict of interests between subjects in the educational space are considered. The main focus is on identifying the essence of the conflict, determining the main sources of disputes in the school, as well as the phases through which the conflict passes. Specified types of conflicts taking into account different separation criteria. The consequences of conflict situations are presented, while it is noted that a conflict situation does not necessarily lead to the emergence of a dysfunctional conflict. The conditions necessary for the pre-conflict situation to turn into the conflict stage, ways of solving it and recommendations for solving the conflict situation have been identified. The specifics of conflicts in teaching teams are also described and their classification is given. The most common ways of avoiding conflict in the teaching staff are considered - traditional and modern, as well as effective communication techniques for reducing conflict tension. The negative consequences of conflicts for each group of subjects of the educational environment are shown. The article draws attention to the important role of teachers in resolving student disputes using safe and effective ways of reconciliation, rather than escalating conflicts. The need to develop the conflict-related competence of teachers and administration as a condition for preventing conflicts in the teaching staff of an educational institution is emphasized.

DETERMINING THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Svitlana RYBKINA — 2024-06-06

The article identifies leading issues of managing the development of the socio-cultural environment in modern conditions due to the influence of the educational system as a platform for the formation of common values. The current stage of the development of Ukrainian society is marked by profound transformations that require a new approach to managing the socio-cultural environment. Education, as one of the most important mechanisms of this management, is gaining special relevance. To achieve the goal of the research, the method of theoretical analysis and generalization, systematization, and comparative method was used. A retrospective analysis of changes in the system of views on the formation of the sociocultural environment through ethnological research was carried out. It was determined that the sociocultural environment is a system that includes various elements: material and spiritual values, traditions, norms, institutions. A number of sociocultural processes are analyzed in the context of a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon that depends on a complex of factors. Management of the education system makes it possible to broadcast cultural values, shape personality, promote social mobility and development of society. In order for education to effectively fulfill its role, it is necessary to constantly update the content and methods of education, to ensure the availability of quality education for all people, to remove barriers that prevent people from receiving quality education. The article presents the structure of managing the development of the sociocultural environment, identified and visualized the mechanisms of managing the sociocultural environment. It is promising in this direction to increase the role of civil society, comprehensive involvement of citizens in making socially important decisions, development of support for self-organization and local self-government, use of digital technologies in community development, creation of new forms of social communication, development of intercultural dialogue. Current problems accompanying the implementation of the above-mentioned mechanisms are considered. Proposed prospects for the development of the education system in Ukraine as a factor of the socio-cultural environment.

DESIGNING NETWORK SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

Kateryna ROMANENKO — 2024-06-06

The article analyzes the specifics of designing network forms of education organization at the regional level based on domestic scientific research. It is shown that in the modern conditions of reforming the education system, the most urgent task is the network organization of educational activities. An educational network in a certain region can be considered as a set of educational subjects that provide each other with appropriate educational resources in order to further improve the efficiency and quality of education. It is argued that the network model of the educational space of the region functions as a structural-functional system of interdependent open centers and nodes that are constantly expanding and changing, providing flexibility and dynamism in solving problems. The form of innovative changes is the implementation of network projects that adapt regional education to the processes of formation and development of the network educational space. It is proven that the very method of transformation of regional educational spaces should be considered as a mechanism that legitimizes innovative initiatives of the participants of the educational network and ensures their approval. Thus, the most effective form of network interaction would be the creation of autonomous bodies, such as educational management coordination councils, open competitions for educational projects in the regions, tenders for regional programs of various levels, etc. In the project, the center of attention should be the formation of an autonomous structure based on various innovative experiences in the field of self-organization of educational institutions. This project should be considered as a resource for the qualitative transformation of the innovative potential of education in the region. It was determined that one of the main tasks in the organization of such a project is to identify the conditions and mechanisms of institutionalization of network innovations and their impact on the local educational system. Not only the educational system is changing, but also how it develops in the future, based on the most productive direction of changes from the point of view of the goals set by the educational reforms. Institutionalization of educational projects means legal and organizational integration of network innovations, which become new structural components in a variety of educational spaces.